Introduction to General Liguistics: Psycholinguistics

A.    Development of Psycholinguistics
Speaking activities that not only take place in a mechanistic, but also take place in mentalistic. That is, the activities related to language learning, linguistic studies need to be equipped with the interdisciplinary study of linguistics and psychology, which is commonly called psycholinguistics.
1. Understanding Psychology

Etymologically the word psychology is derived from Ancient Greek psyche and logos. Word psyche meaning "soul, spirit, or soul", while the word logos means "science". Thus, psychology, literally means "science of life", or the science object of study is the soul.

2. Understanding Linguistics
In general linguistic commonly defined as the science of language or science that takes language as an object of study. Linguist called linguists.
3. Definition of Psycholinguistics
Etymologically already mentioned that psycholinguistic word formed from the word psychology and linguistics words, two different disciplines, each of which stands alone, with different procedures and methods.
Psycholinguistic try to describe psychological processes that take place when someone say the words he had heard at the time of communication, and how the language skills acquired by humans (Slobin, 1974; Meller, 1964; Slama Cazahu, 1973). So theoretically the main goal is to find the psycholinguistic theory of language linguistically and psychologically acceptable can explain the nature of language and get it.

B.     Language Functions
Need to be informed by three important aspects of language function, namely:
a. Speech Act
At the time someone speaks, he actually showed a certain speech act that can be action ask, convince, promised, sent and others. In this talk, sometimes use the phrase directly and sometimes indirectly sentence.
Example:
Direct speech: get me a piece of paper it!
Indirect sentence: who can get a piece of paper?

b. Thematic Structure
Thematic Structure is an assessment of the mental state (mental state) listener when someone speaks.
c. Propositional Content
Sentence which has the function detailing ideas into the framework of speech act. These ideas are often referred to as an ideational content of a sentence or in a psycholinguistic science called propositional content. If the listener can catch the idea contained in a sentence, the sentence means the content or propositional content is qualified as a proper idea. Thus, the propositional content of a sentence is nothing but the combination of propositions expressed (Clark & ​​Clark, 1977, p. 29)

C.    Subdisciplines Psycholinguistic
1. Theoretical Psycholinguistics
Discuss theories of language related to human mental processes in language, for example in the design of phonetics, draft choice of words, syntax design, design discourse, and the design of intonation.
2. Development Psycholinguistics
In connection with the process of language acquisition, both first language acquisition, (B1), and second language acquisition (B2). It examines the process of acquiring subdisciplines phonological, semantic, and syntactic.
3. Social Psycholinguistics
With regard to the social aspects of language. For a society-language, that language is not only a symptom and social identity, but also a bond and a conscience that is difficult to be abandoned.
4. Psycholinguistics Education
Examines aspects of general education in formal education in schools, such as the role of language in the teaching of reading, teaching language skills, and knowledge about upgrading from language in the process of improving the ability of conveying thoughts and feelings.
5. Psycholinguistics-neurology (neuro-psycholinguistics)
Assessing the relationship between language, speaking, and the human brain.
6. Psycholinguistics experiment
Covering and conduct experiments in all languages ​​and language activities on the one hand and language behavior and language due to the other party.
7. Psikoinguistik Applied
In connection with the implementation of the findings of the six sub-discipline of psycholinguistics above into specific areas that need it. Which includes this sub-discipline is psychology, linguistics, substitutions and understanding, language learning, teaching reading neurology, psychiatry, communication, and literature.

D.    Scope Space of  Psycholinguistics

Section	Sub Section		Example
General Psycholinguistics	perception	Auditif Visual	Listen, Write, Read
	Kognitif	Memory Think Intuition	Verbal memory Verbal thinking
	Production	Auditif Visual	Speaking Write
Development Psycholinguisticts	First Language (Mother Language) Second Language		Sentence structure of two words. Study of reading
Applied Psycholinguistics	General	Normal	Study about sp
		Deviate	Aphasia
	Development	Normal	Curriculum to reading of study
		Deviate	Stammer, daltonism, dyslexia.